Game plan
Michael Chang v Aaron Krickstein
Every number combines what Michael Chang does well with what Aaron Krickstein allows, each measured against the tour average and shrunk toward it when the sample is thin. Flip perspective
Forecast
Each player's serve and return strength is fitted against every opponent they were charted against, so a record built on weak opponents counts for less. At least one of them is no longer active or has too little charted in the last three seasons, so both are compared on their careers. The result is then nudged by Michael Chang's record against Aaron Krickstein's tactical lookalikes and in their charted head-to-heads. A game-by-game Markov chain turns point odds into match odds; the 90% range covers the uncertainty in the two strengths, not the nudges. Charted matches lean toward big events, so treat this as a scouting estimate, not a betting line.
Head to head, per 100 shots
| Career | Michael | Aaron |
|---|---|---|
| Direction choice | −0.01 ±0.13 better than 54% | +0.07 ±0.18 better than 76% |
| Shot selection | −0.02 ±0.19 better than 49% | −0.77 ±0.21 better than 5% |
| Execution | +1.06 ±0.36 better than 96% | +1.53 ±0.89 better than 99% |
| Points left on the table | 2.88 ±0.27 lower than 26% | 2.54 ±0.18 lower than 57% |
Each player's career against an average tour player in the same position, adjusted for opponent strength, with a 90% margin (shots clustered by match). Points left on the table is the gap to the best-value direction for the same stroke, so lower is better. Percentiles are within each player's own tour. A side is highlighted only when the gap is larger than the margin on the difference.
Serve plan
The share of points the server wins when a first serve lands in that direction (hover a rate for its 90% interval; ± is the 90% margin). "Matchup" combines the server's rate with how this returner handles that serve. "Optimal" is the mix that wins most against this returner once they start reading a habit, at the response measured across the tour, and only within the range servers' habits actually vary. The gain over the current mix is how exploitable that mix is.
Michael Chang serving
Deuce court
| 1st serve | Now | Michael wins | v Aaron | Matchup | Optimal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wide | 41% | 65% | 76% | 68.6%±8.6 | 54% ▲ |
| Body | 8% | 56% | 64% | 57.3%±10.7 | 0% ▼ |
| T | 50% | 69% | 74% | 68.3%±7.8 | 46% ▼ |
Optimal v Aaron Krickstein: +0.4±0.8 per 100 first serves (faults included) over the current mix, inside the 90% margin. Serving wide every time would read +1.1 per 100 first serves in before the returner adjusts.
Ad court
| 1st serve | Now | Michael wins | v Aaron | Matchup | Optimal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wide | 48% | 65% | 72% | 64.1%±7.4 | 37% ▼ |
| Body | 7% | 59% | 68% | 63.5%±12.2 | 8% |
| T | 44% | 63% | 69% | 59.7%±9.6 | 55% ▲ |
Optimal v Aaron Krickstein: ±0.0±0.7 per 100 first serves (faults included) over the current mix, inside the 90% margin. Serving wide every time would read +2.0 per 100 first serves in before the returner adjusts.
Aaron Krickstein serving
Deuce court
| 1st serve | Now | Aaron wins | v Michael | Matchup | Optimal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wide | 45% | 69% | 75% | 71.1%±6.9 | 42% ▼ |
| Body | 10% | 64% | 59% | 60.6%±12.0 | 0% ▼ |
| T | 45% | 68% | 79% | 72.4%±7.7 | 58% ▲ |
Optimal v Michael Chang: +0.9±0.8 per 100 first serves (faults included) over the current mix. Serving T every time would read +1.8 per 100 first serves in before the returner adjusts.
Ad court
| 1st serve | Now | Aaron wins | v Michael | Matchup | Optimal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wide | 40% | 65% | 67% | 59.4%±8.5 | 27% ▼ |
| Body | 11% | 63% | 62% | 62.6%±12.2 | 11% |
| T | 49% | 63% | 74% | 65.8%±7.7 | 62% ▲ |
Optimal v Michael Chang: +0.3±0.8 per 100 first serves (faults included) over the current mix, inside the 90% margin. Serving T every time would read +2.9 per 100 first serves in before the returner adjusts.
Return plan
Value of each return, in points per 100 returns against an average return of the same serve (direction, court, surface): the tour's result with that return, the returner's own edge with it, and what this server gives up when it comes back to that side. Returns with no charted direction are left out, so values compare with each other rather than with zero. Depth isn't a choice here: missed returns have no depth. Serve quality isn't charted, so a block through the middle partly reflects the serve that forced it.
Michael Chang returning
1st serve to the forehand
| Return | Now | Tour | Own | v Aaron | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FH through the middle | 53% | +4.3 | +1.7 | −1.0 | +5.0±2.6 |
| FH down the line | 29% | +1.7 | +2.6 | +3.1 | +7.5±4.1 |
| FH crosscourt | 17% | +5.5 | −2.6 | −0.4 | +2.5±4.3 |
| BH through the middle | 1% | +6.6 | +0.4 | −1.8 | +5.2±2.4 |
Lean FH down the line: +2.1±3.3 per 100 returns v the current mix (676 returns charted, inside the 90% margin)
1st serve to the backhand
| Return | Now | Tour | Own | v Aaron | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BH through the middle | 44% | +6.4 | −2.4 | −1.8 | +2.2±2.5 |
| BH crosscourt | 32% | +8.8 | +5.1 | +0.9 | +14.9±3.0 |
| BH down the line | 12% | +4.2 | +4.0 | +1.1 | +9.4±4.2 |
| BH slice through the middle | 6% | −4.2 | −0.9 | +2.4 | −2.7±2.5 |
| BH slice crosscourt | 4% | +0.5 | +2.1 | +3.2 | +5.8±3.0 |
Lean BH crosscourt: +8.0±2.4 per 100 returns v the current mix (718 returns charted)
2nd serve to the forehand
| Return | Now | Tour | Own | v Aaron | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FH through the middle | 47% | −3.5 | +1.7 | +2.4 | +0.6±2.8 |
| FH down the line | 26% | −1.8 | +0.9 | +2.7 | +1.8±4.7 |
| FH crosscourt | 26% | −0.2 | +1.4 | +0.8 | +2.0±4.3 |
| BH inside-in | 2% | +2.5 | −0.4 | +0.6 | +2.7±2.9 |
Lean FH crosscourt: +0.7±3.7 per 100 returns v the current mix (286 returns charted, inside the 90% margin)
2nd serve to the backhand
| Return | Now | Tour | Own | v Aaron | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BH crosscourt | 50% | +1.0 | +1.5 | +0.6 | +3.1±2.9 |
| BH through the middle | 35% | −2.9 | +1.0 | +3.0 | +1.0±2.4 |
| BH down the line | 12% | −0.2 | +3.9 | +1.3 | +5.0±5.0 |
| FH through the middle | 2% | −2.9 | −1.0 | +2.4 | −1.5±2.1 |
| FH inside-out | 1% | +1.0 | +0.4 | +2.7 | +4.0±3.2 |
Lean BH down the line: +2.4±4.7 per 100 returns v the current mix (486 returns charted, inside the 90% margin)
Aaron Krickstein returning
1st serve to the forehand
| Return | Now | Tour | Own | v Michael | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FH crosscourt | 40% | +5.5 | ±0.0 | +4.4 | +9.9±4.0 |
| FH through the middle | 40% | +4.3 | +0.3 | +1.2 | +5.8±2.6 |
| FH down the line | 20% | +1.7 | +0.5 | +2.7 | +5.0±3.8 |
Lean FH crosscourt: +2.6±2.7 per 100 returns v the current mix (102 returns charted, inside the 90% margin)
1st serve to the backhand
| Return | Now | Tour | Own | v Michael | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BH through the middle | 47% | +6.4 | +1.3 | −0.1 | +7.6±2.5 |
| BH crosscourt | 39% | +8.8 | +1.0 | +2.4 | +12.1±3.3 |
| BH down the line | 10% | +4.2 | +1.2 | +2.0 | +7.4±4.4 |
| BH slice through the middle | 4% | −4.2 | +0.7 | +5.0 | +1.5±1.8 |
Lean BH crosscourt: +3.0±2.3 per 100 returns v the current mix (196 returns charted)
2nd serve to the backhand
| Return | Now | Tour | Own | v Michael | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BH crosscourt | 39% | +1.0 | +2.0 | +0.4 | +3.5±3.0 |
| BH through the middle | 28% | −2.9 | +0.6 | +2.2 | −0.2±2.4 |
| BH down the line | 14% | −0.2 | −2.1 | +0.4 | −1.9±4.7 |
| FH through the middle | 13% | −2.9 | +0.9 | +2.5 | +0.5±2.0 |
| FH inside-in | 6% | +0.6 | −0.3 | +1.6 | +1.9±3.1 |
Lean BH crosscourt: +2.3±2.1 per 100 returns v the current mix (122 returns charted)
Rally plan
Edge, in points per 100 shots: the hitter's skill with the shot (own) plus how much the receiver usually gives up against it (theirs), both measured against the tour average on clay. Each player's clay record is shrunk toward their all-surface one, so a thin sample on it moves the numbers only a little.
Michael Chang
Favour
| Shot | Edge | Own | Theirs |
|---|---|---|---|
| FH to their backhand · return | +12.6±4.6 | +8.0 | +4.5 |
| FH to their backhand · rally | +6.3±3.3 | +4.1 | +2.2 |
| FH to the middle · rally | +5.4±2.8 | +4.2 | +1.2 |
| FH to their forehand · return +1 | +5.0±4.7 | +1.3 | +3.6 |
| BH slice to their backhand · rally | +4.6±3.0 | +1.6 | +3.0 |
| BH to their forehand · return +1 | +3.9±5.6 | −0.7 | +4.6 |
Avoid
| Shot | Edge | Own | Theirs |
|---|---|---|---|
| BH to the middle · rally | −1.6±2.6 | ±0.0 | −1.6 |
| BH to their backhand · return +1 | −0.9±3.4 | −0.4 | −0.5 |
| FH to their forehand · return | −0.1±5.0 | −0.4 | +0.3 |
| FH to their backhand · return +1 | ±0.0±5.0 | −1.5 | +1.5 |
| BH to their backhand · rally | +0.1±2.7 | +1.4 | −1.4 |
Aaron Krickstein
Favour
| Shot | Edge | Own | Theirs |
|---|---|---|---|
| BH to the middle · return | +6.4±3.1 | +3.6 | +2.8 |
| BH slice to the middle · rally | +6.3±2.6 | +3.2 | +3.1 |
| BH slice to their backhand · rally | +5.6±2.6 | +1.7 | +3.9 |
| BH slice to their forehand · rally | +5.4±4.8 | +2.9 | +2.6 |
| BH to their backhand · return | +5.1±3.2 | +2.9 | +2.2 |
| FH to their backhand · return +1 | +4.7±4.2 | +1.9 | +2.8 |
Avoid
| Shot | Edge | Own | Theirs |
|---|---|---|---|
| FH to their forehand · serve +1 | −0.1±4.6 | −1.4 | +1.3 |
| BH to their backhand · serve +1 | +0.5±3.4 | −0.3 | +0.8 |
| FH to their forehand · rally | +0.6±3.8 | −0.8 | +1.4 |
| BH to their forehand · rally | +0.8±4.6 | −0.1 | +1.0 |
| FH to their backhand · rally | +1.8±3.4 | ±0.0 | +1.9 |
Against Aaron Krickstein-like opponents
| Michael Chang v | Matches | Serve pts won | Return pts won |
|---|---|---|---|
| All charted opponents | – | 59.2% | 35.1% |
Similar by tactical fingerprint: Andy Murray, John Millman, Gilles Simon, Andreas Seppi, Marcos Baghdatis, David Ferrer, Andy Roddick, Guillermo Canas, Bjorn Borg. When two players have rarely met, their records against these lookalikes fill the gap.