Leaderboards · minimum 5,000 modelled shots · adjusted for opponent strength

Who chooses well, who executes, who gets readable

Direction choice

Picks the more valuable direction for the stroke being hit.

Execution

Gets more out of a shot than the same choice usually yields.

Shot selection

Strokes worth more than the position average. Partly reflects the ball they were given.

Tactical adaptability

Moves the first-serve mix toward whatever has been winning in earlier sets. Points per 100 first serves, shrunk toward zero. A weak but real habit; rally choices showed none.

Fewest points left

Smallest gap per 100 shots between the direction chosen and the best-value direction for that stroke.

Serve furthest from equilibrium

First-serve directions win at clearly different rates (p < 0.01), so the mix is off. Usage-weighted gap per 100 first serves.

Viktorija Golubic · deuce court, more body8.2
Jennifer Capriati · deuce court, more wide5.9
Ashlyn Krueger · deuce court, more T5.5
Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova · deuce court, more wide4.9
Ajla Tomljanovic · ad court, more T4.5
Tamara Zidansek · deuce court, more T4.3
Emma Raducanu · ad court, more wide4.1
Veronika Kudermetova · deuce court, more T4.1
Madison Keys · deuce court, more T4.0
Karolina Muchova · deuce court, more T4.0
Angelique Kerber · ad court, more T3.5
Clara Tauson · deuce court, more wide3.4

Adapts fastest

Moves the first-serve mix toward what's winning every two to three service games, not just set to set. Points per 100 first serves, shrunk toward zero.

Most exploitable serve

Points per 100 first serves an optimal mix would win over the current one, allowing for returners reading a habit. Tested on matches they weren't fitted on, mixes picked this way win 0.42 per 100 on average.

Pressure predictability

How much a server's first-serve direction narrows on break points, as a percentage of their normal unpredictability. Some players don't choke; they just become easier to read.